We use an internationally certified electronic signature platform (such as DocuSign or Adobe Sign). Each signed contract generates a digital certificate with a timestamp and encrypted hash value, which has full legal defense effectiveness in international arbitration courts.

This is a key legal issue. If the inspection is conducted by a third party appointed by us, we will be the primary responsible party and provide limited compensation to you, after which we will seek reimbursement from the inspection agency; if the inspection agency is designated by you personally (such as SGS), you will need to file a claim directly with that agency according to its service terms.

It completely falls under force majeure. After the delivery is completed (crossing the ship's rail) under FOB or CIF terms, the seller (us) bears no liability for refunds or compensation due to political risks or legal changes in the destination country that hinder customs clearance or lead to confiscation.