4S dealership records are directly connected to the manufacturer's database, making the data hard to tamper with and the most reliable, with original parts guaranteed; third-party repair shops usually are not connected, making their data unverifiable. Therefore, we only consider the connected records from 4S dealerships as valid historical documentation.

Used cars are classified under HS heading 8703 (motor vehicles for transport of persons), with the last four digits determined by engine type and size. Gasoline cars usually fall in 8703.21–8703.80 depending on displacement; pure EVs fall under 8703.80; hybrids have their own subheadings. The duty amount depends on your country's tariff schedule: 1. Most countries charge duty on the CIF value (car price + freight + insurance), not the FOB price. 2. Many developing markets levy higher duties on used vehicles than new ones, and some add a surcharge based on age — older cars can cost significantly more to clear. 3. After duty, you typically pay VAT/GST on the CIF + duty total, plus port and customs fees. Practical tips: ask your exporter to state the exact HS code on the commercial invoice and confirm it with a local customs broker before shipping. A wrong code can trigger reclassification, penalties, or delays. Also budget for any excise tax tied to engine capacity — in several markets a 2.5L car clears far cheaper than a 3.5L one.

The standard process looks like this: 1. Selection: pick the car, request the VIN, registration certificate, and recent photos/videos. For higher-value cars, order an independent third-party inspection. 2. Negotiation and contract: agree on price and terms. Sign a written contract stating the car's condition, price, payment schedule, and delivery terms (FOB or CIF). 3. Deposit: typically 20-30% to reserve the car. Pay to the company's corporate account, never a personal one. 4. Verification: your agent or inspector confirms the car matches the contract before the balance is due. 5. Balance and export: pay the remaining amount; the seller arranges inland transport, export customs clearance, and port loading. 6. Shipping documents: you receive the commercial invoice, packing list, and bill of lading - usually by courier or email. 7. Arrival: your customs broker clears the car, you pay duties and taxes, then register it locally. Total timeline is usually 4-8 weeks depending on the shipping route.