This involves personal privacy, and we have no right or ability to retrieve personal driving violation records from the traffic police system. We can only infer if there was aggressive driving by checking if the engine has been reprogrammed with a higher-level ECU (stage 1/2) or if the transmission has a history of severe overheating.

Many car owners do not have their first maintenance done at authorized dealerships, leading to gaps in early data. In such cases, we do not blindly trust the odometer; instead, we analyze the tire production dates and wear levels, as well as the depth of grooves on the brake disc edges, using the "gold standard" of physical wear to infer the intensity of early use.

China has a large number of luxury cars and a fast turnover rate. For luxury cars of the same year and mileage, the FOB offshore price in the Chinese market usually still has a 10%-15% arbitrage opportunity after deducting shipping costs, especially for models with high depreciation rates.