A realistic budget has several layers beyond the vehicle price. First, inland logistics in China: moving the car to the export port typically costs $300-$800. Second, export handling: inspection, customs declaration and paperwork usually add $500-$1,000. Third, ocean freight. A 20ft container to most destinations runs $1,200-$3,000 depending on route; RoRo shipping can be cheaper for driveable cars. Add marine insurance, usually 0.3%-0.5% of the car value. Fourth, destination charges: port handling, customs duties, VAT/GST and local registration fees. These vary widely; some countries charge duties of 20%-80% of the vehicle value plus an excise based on engine capacity. Finally, any compliance work: inspection certificates, modifications to meet local standards, or homologation. Ask your exporter for a full CIF quote and have a local customs broker confirm destination taxes before you commit.

Completely different. The assessment of commercial vehicles focuses on: the extent of wear/deformation in the cargo area, whether the frame has been twisted due to overload, the fatigue of the leaf springs, and the emissions of the diesel engine. Minor exterior scratches carry very little weight in the assessment of commercial vehicles.

Maintain objective expectations. Vehicles over 5 years old inevitably show signs of decreased paint gloss, slight aging of rubber seals, irreversible patina on interiors, and surface rust on chassis components. As long as core structure and mechanical failures are not involved, these are normal depreciation characteristics over time.