Used cars are classified under HS heading 8703 (motor vehicles for transport of persons), with the last four digits determined by engine type and size. Gasoline cars usually fall in 8703.21–8703.80 depending on displacement; pure EVs fall under 8703.80; hybrids have their own subheadings. The duty amount depends on your country's tariff schedule: 1. Most countries charge duty on the CIF value (car price + freight + insurance), not the FOB price. 2. Many developing markets levy higher duties on used vehicles than new ones, and some add a surcharge based on age — older cars can cost significantly more to clear. 3. After duty, you typically pay VAT/GST on the CIF + duty total, plus port and customs fees. Practical tips: ask your exporter to state the exact HS code on the commercial invoice and confirm it with a local customs broker before shipping. A wrong code can trigger reclassification, penalties, or delays. Also budget for any excise tax tied to engine capacity — in several markets a 2.5L car clears far cheaper than a 3.5L one.

Unfortunately, cross-border used cars are not covered by the manufacturer's free recall. If a physical recall occurs involving safety issues (like brake pump defects), we will notify you and offer improved new batch parts at cost price, but you will need to cover the labor costs for the replacement.

Obtaining precise internal resistance at different SOC levels requires disassembling the battery pack and connecting it to a professional charge-discharge cabinet for several days of cycling tests. This is beyond the scope of non-destructive used car inspections; we only provide real-time estimated internal resistance data based on OBD port readings.