Many car owners do not have their first maintenance done at authorized dealerships, leading to gaps in early data. In such cases, we do not blindly trust the odometer; instead, we analyze the tire production dates and wear levels, as well as the depth of grooves on the brake disc edges, using the "gold standard" of physical wear to infer the intensity of early use.

Chinese passenger cars produced after 2005 have fully transitioned to asbestos-free brake pads, clutch plates, and gaskets. However, for export to countries with strict regulations, buyers must pay for sampling and testing by a NATA-accredited laboratory before shipment, and obtain an asbestos-free certificate.

China has a large number of luxury cars and a fast turnover rate. For luxury cars of the same year and mileage, the FOB offshore price in the Chinese market usually still has a 10%-15% arbitrage opportunity after deducting shipping costs, especially for models with high depreciation rates.